We use Perl compatible regular expressions like this:
(require (lib"pregexp.ss"))
(pregexp-match"\\b(\\S+)\\b(\\s+\\1\\b)+""This is a small small test")
; => ("small small" "small" " small")
(pregexp-match-positions"\\b(\\S+)\\b(\\s+\\1\\b)+""This is a small small test")
; => ((10 . 21) (10 . 15) (15 . 21))